formative assessment

This lesson unit is intended to help students to make sense of standard algorithms for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of positive integers. In particular it should assist them in the following areas:

• Improving conceptual understanding of why and how the
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This lesson unit is intended to help students to:

• Reason precisely and defend their conclusions.
• Use mathematics to model a scenario concerning volume.

This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to reason proportionally when comparing the relationship between two quantities expressed as unit rates and/or part-to-part ratios. In particular, it will help you assess how well students are able to:

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This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to work in the coordinate plane to solve a problem in a real-world context. In particular, this unit aims to identify and help students who have difficulty measuring and interpreting horizontal or vertical intervals on...

This lesson unit is intended to help students to:

• Compare, convert between and order fractions, decimals, and percents.
• Use area and linear models of fractions, decimals, and percents to understand equivalence.

This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to solve a real-world modeling problem. There are several correct approaches to the problem, including some that involve proportional relationships.

This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to:

• Calculate the mean, median, mode, and range from a frequency chart.
• Use a frequency chart to describe a possible data set, given information on the mean, median, mode, and range.

This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to:

• Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole-number exponents, recognizing and applying the conventional order of operations.
• Write and evaluate numerical expressions from
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This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to interpret frequency graphs that use grouped data and their associated box plots. In particular this unit aims to identify and help students who have difficulty interpreting information from frequency graphs and box...

This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to:

• Analyze a realistic situation mathematically.
• Construct sight lines to decide which areas of a room are visible or hidden from a camera.
• Find and compare areas of triangles and
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This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to use an approximate mathematical model of a real-world situation and use data to test, critique, and compare models. In particular this unit aims to identify and help students who have difficulty using variables to...

This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to solve real-life mathematical problems. In particular, students will develop their abilities in the following areas:

• Using proportional relationships to solve multistep ratio and percent problems.
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This lesson unit is designed to help students to interpret the meaning of multiplication and division. Many students have a very limited understanding of these operations and only recognise them in terms of ‘times’ and ‘share’. They find it hard to give any meaning to calculations that involve...

This lesson unit is intended to help students to:

• Connect algebraic equations to real-life situations.
• Uncover and address misconceptions concerning the meaning of variables in equations.

This lesson unit is intended to help you to assess how well students are able to understand the meanings of the terms ‘Greatest Common Factor’ (GCF) and ‘Least Common Multiple’ (LCM). In particular, the lesson will help you to identify and help students who:

• Confuse GCFs and LCMs.
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This lesson unit is intended to help students to:

• State and test mathematical conjectures.
• Understand and use alternative methods of proof.

This lesson unit is intended to help you assess how well students are able to:

• Select appropriate mathematical methods to use for an unstructured problem.
• Interpret a problem situation, identifying constraints and variables and specify assumptions.
• Work with 2- and
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This lesson unit is intended to assess students’ understanding of the four quadrants of the coordinate plane, while at the same time introducing them to a mathematical understanding of slope. The task helps students to link their intuitive understandings of steepness to a more precise,...

This lesson unit is intended to help students to:

• Add and subtract directed numbers (positive, negative and zero) with understanding.
• Address common misconceptions about the addition and subtraction of directed numbers.
• Explain their reasoning using diagrams.

This report, one in a series to be released by Accomplished California Teachers (ACT), a group of National Board Certified Teachers, examines teacher evaluation.

This report offers our recommendations on making teacher evaluation a more useful tool to advance the quality of teaching...